Presence Of Many-body Interactions Research Articles

Collective non-Hermitian skin effect: point-gap topology and the doublon-holon excitations in non-reciprocal many-body systems

Open quantum systems provide a plethora of exotic topological phases of matter that have no Hermitian counterpart. Non-Hermitian skin effect, macroscopic collapse of bulk states to the boundary, has been extensively studied in various experimental platforms. However, it remains an open question whether such topological phases persist in the presence of many-body interactions. Previous studies have shown that the Pauli exclusion principle suppresses the skin effect. In this study, we present a counterexample by demonstrating the presence of the skin effect in doublon-holon excitations. While the ground state of the spin-half Hatano-Nelson model shows no skin effect, the doublon-holon pairs, as its collective excitations, display the many-body skin effect even in strong coupling limit. We establish the robustness of this effect by revealing a bulk-boundary correspondence mediated by the point gap topology within the many-body energy spectrum. Our findings underscore the existence of non-Hermitian topological phases in collective excitations of many-body interacting systems.

Absence of 3a0 charge density wave order in the infinite-layer nickelate NdNiO2

A hallmark of many unconventional superconductors is the presence of many-body interactions that give rise to broken-symmetry states intertwined with superconductivity. Recent resonant soft X-ray scattering experiments report commensurate 3a0 charge density wave order in infinite-layer nickelates, which has important implications regarding the universal interplay between charge order and superconductivity in both cuprates and nickelates. Here we present X-ray scattering and spectroscopy measurements on a series of NdNiO2+x samples, which reveal that the signatures of charge density wave order are absent in fully reduced, single-phase NdNiO2. The 3a0 superlattice peak instead originates from a partially reduced impurity phase where excess apical oxygens form ordered rows with three-unit-cell periodicity. The absence of any observable charge density wave order in NdNiO2 highlights a crucial difference between the phase diagrams of cuprate and nickelate superconductors.

Electronic Mechanism that Quenches Field-Driven Heating as Illustrated with the Static Holstein Model.

Time-dependent driving of quantum systems has emerged as a powerful tool to engineer exotic phases far from thermal equilibrium, but in the presence of many-body interactions it also leads to runaway heating, so that generic systems are believed to heat up until they reach a featureless infinite-temperature state. Understanding the mechanisms by which such a heat death can be slowed down or even avoided is a major goal-one such mechanism is to drive toward an even distribution of electrons in momentum space. Here we show how such a mechanism avoids runaway heating for an interacting charge-density-wave chain with a macroscopic number of conserved quantities when driven by a strong dc electric field; minibands with nontrivial distribution functions develop as the current is prematurely driven to zero. Moreover, when approaching a zero-temperature resonance, the field strength can tune between positive, negative, or close-to-infinite effective temperatures for each miniband. Our results suggest that nontrivial metastable distribution functions should be realized in the prethermal regime of quantum systems coupled to slow bosonic modes.

Many-body topology of non-Hermitian systems

Non-Hermiticity gives rise to unique topological phases that have no counterparts in Hermitian systems. Such intrinsic non-Hermitian topological phases appear even in one dimension while no topological phases appear in one-dimensional Hermitian systems. Despite the recent considerable interest, the intrinsic non-Hermitian topological phases have been mainly investigated in noninteracting systems described by band theory. It has been unclear whether they survive or reduce in the presence of many-body interactions. Here, we demonstrate that the intrinsic non-Hermitian topological phases in one dimension survive even in the presence of many-body interactions. We formulate a many-body topological invariant by the winding of the complex-valued many-body spectrum in terms of a U (1) gauge field (magnetic flux). As an illustrative example, we investigate the interacting Hatano-Nelson model and find a unique topological phase and skin effect induced by many-body interactions.

Revealing many-body effects on interband coherence through adiabatic charge pumping

The adiabatic charge pumping of a non-equilibrium state of spinless fermions in a one-dimensional lattice is investigated, with an emphasis placed on its usefulness in revealing many-body interaction effects on interband coherence. For a non-interacting system, the pumped charge per adiabatic cycle depends not only on the topology of the occupied bands but also on the interband coherence in the initial state. This insight leads to an interesting opportunity for quantitatively observing how quantum coherence is affected by many-body interaction that is switched on for a varying duration prior to adiabatic pumping. In particular, interband coherence effects can be clearly observed by adjusting the switch-on rates with different adiabatic pumping protocols and by scanning the duration of many-body interaction prior to adiabatic pumping. The time dependence of single-particle interband coherence in the presence of many-body interaction can then be examined in detail. As a side but interesting result, for relatively weak interaction strength, it is found that the difference in the pumped charges between different pumping protocols vanishes if a coherence measure defined from the single-particle density matrix in the sublattice representation reaches its local minima. Our results hence provide an interesting means to quantitatively probe the dynamics of quantum coherence in the presence of many-body interaction (e.g., in a thermalization process).

Many-Body Chern Number without Integration.

The celebrated work of Niu, Thouless, and Wu demonstrated the quantization of Hall conductance in the presence of many-body interactions by revealing the many-body counterpart of the Chern number. The generalized Chern number is formulated in terms of the twisted angles of the boundary condition, instead of the single particle momentum, and involves an integration over all possible twisted angles. However, this formulation is physically unnatural, since topological invariants directly related to observables should be defined for each Hamiltonian under a fixed boundary condition. In this work, we show via numerical calculations that the integration is indeed unnecessary-the integrand itself is effectively quantized and the error decays exponentially with the system size. This implies that the numerical cost in computing the many-body Chern number could, in principle, be significantly reduced as it suffices to compute the Berry connection for a single value of the twisted boundary condition if the system size is sufficiently large.

Work exchange, geometric magnetization, and fluctuation-dissipation relations in a quantum dot under adiabatic magnetoelectric driving

We study the adiabatic dynamics of the charge, spin and energy of a quantum dot with a Coulomb interaction under two-parameter driving, associated to time-dependent gate voltage and magnetic field. The quantum dot is coupled to a single reservoir at temperature $T=0$, hence, the net energy dynamics is fully dissipative. However, in the presence of many-body interactions, other interesting mechanisms take place, like the net exchange of work between the two types of forces and the non-equilibrium accumulation of charge with different spin orientations. The latter has a geometric nature. The dissipation takes place in the form of an instantaneous Joule law with the universal resistance $R_0=h/2e^2$. We show the relation between this Joule law and instantaneous fluctuation-dissipation relations. The latter lead to generalized Korringa-Shiba relations, valid in the Fermi-liquid regime.

Universal Equation of State for Flexible Polymers Beyond the Semidilute Regime.

We reconsider the isothermal equation of state (EOS) for linear homopolymers in good solvents, p=p(c,T), which relates the osmotic pressure p of polymers with the bulk concentration c and the temperature T. The classical scaling theory predicts the EOS in dilute and semidilute regimes. We suggest a generalized EOS that extends the universal behavior of polymer solutions up to the highly concentrated state and confirm it by molecular dynamics simulations and available experimental data. Our conjecture implies that properties of polymer chains dominate the EOS in the presence of many-body interactions. Our theoretical approach is based on a viral expansion in terms of concentration blobs leading to a superposition of two power laws in the regime of concentrated solutions.

Controlling dynamical entanglement in a Josephson tunneling junction

We analyze the evolution of an entangled many-body state in a Josephson tunneling junction and its dependence on the number of bosons and interaction strength. A N00N state, which is a superposition of two complementary Fock states, appears in the evolution with sufficient probability only for a moderate many-body interaction on an intermediate time scale. This time scale is inversely proportional to the tunneling rate. Many-body interaction strongly supports entanglement: The probability for creating an entangled state decays exponentially with the number of particles without many-body interaction, whereas it decays only like the inverse square root of the number of particles in the presence of many-body interaction.

Interaction-induced topological and magnetic phases in the Hofstadter-Hubbard model

Interaction effects have been a subject of contemporary interest in topological phases of matter. But in the presence of interactions, the accurate determination of topological invariants in their general form is difficult due to their dependence on multiple integrals containing Green's functions and their derivatives. Here we employ the recently proposed "effective topological Hamiltonian" approach to explore interaction-induced topological phases in the time-reversal-invariant Hofstadter-Hubbard model. Within this approach, the zero-frequency part of the self-energy is sufficient to determine the correct topological invariant. We combine the topological Hamiltonian approach with the local self-energy approximation, both for the static and the full dynamical self-energy evaluated using dynamical mean field theory (DMFT), and present the resulting phase diagram in the presence of many-body interactions. We investigate the emergence of quantum spin Hall (QSH) states for different interaction strengths by calculating the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariant. The interplay of strong correlations and a staggered potential also induces magnetic long-range order with an associated first order transition. We present results for the staggered magnetization ( $m_s$ ), staggered occupancy ( $n_s$ ), and double occupancy across the transition.

Intervalley biexcitons and many-body effects in monolayerMoS2

Interactions between two excitons can result in the formation of bound quasiparticles, known as biexcitons. Their properties are determined by the constituent excitons, with orbital and spin states resembling those of atoms. Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) present a unique system where excitons acquire a new degree of freedom, the valley pseudospin, from which a novel intervalley biexciton can be created. These biexcitons comprise two excitons from different valleys, which are distinct from biexcitons in conventional semiconductors and have no direct analogue in atomic and molecular systems. However, their valley properties are not accessible to traditional transport and optical measurements. Here, we report the observation of intervalley biexcitons in the monolayer TMD MoS2 using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. By applying broadband probe pulses with different helicities, we identify two species of intervalley biexcitons with large binding energies of 60 meV and 40 meV. In addition, we also reveal effects beyond biexcitonic pairwise interactions in which the exciton energy redshifts at increasing exciton densities, indicating the presence of many-body interactions among them.

Molecular modeling of mechanical stresses on proteins in glassy matrices: Formalism

We present an expression for the calculation of microscopic stresses in molecular simulation, which is compatible with the use of electrostatic lattice sums such as the Ewald sum, with the presence of many-body interactions, and which allows local stresses to be calculated on surfaces of arbitrarily complex shape. The ultimate goal of this work is to investigate microscopic stresses on proteins in glassy matrices, which are used in the pharmaceutical industry for the long-term storage and stabilization of labile biomolecules. We demonstrate the formalism's usefulness through selected results on ubiquitin and an α-keratin fragment, in liquid and glassy states. We find that atomic-level normal stresses on hydrophilic side-chains exhibit a similar fingerprint in both proteins, and protein-level normal stresses increase upon vitrification. Both proteins experience compressive stresses of the order of 10(2) bar in the glassy state.

Force constants and many-body electrostatic interactions in two-dimensional colloidal crystal

A model of a two-dimensional colloidal crystal with a hexagonal lattice, the electrostatic interactions in which are described by the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation, is considered. The calculation procedure for force constants of this crystal is treated in detail. Properties of system symmetry, which make it possible to significantly decrease the volume of calculations and to classify force constants, are analyzed. Numerical data for force constants of a crystal as functions of lattice parameters at different particle sizes are reported. A method that allows us to disclose the presence of many-body interactions in a system by the behavior of force constants at some interval of the values of lattice parameters is proposed. The application of this method to the system under consideration demonstrated that electrostatic interparticle interactions in the system cannot be reduced to simply a pair interaction of any kind; the introduction of many-body potentials is required for the adequate representation of the elastic properties of a crystal.

Calculation of local pressure tensors in systems with many-body interactions

Local pressures are important in the calculation of interface tensions and in analyzing micromechanical behavior. The calculation of local pressures in computer simulations has been limited to systems with pairwise interactions between the particles, which is not sufficient for chemically detailed systems with many-body potentials such as angles and torsions. We introduce a method to calculate local pressures in systems with n-body interactions (n=2,3,4,) based on a micromechanical definition of the pressure tensor. The local pressure consists of a kinetic contribution from the linear momentum of the particles and an internal contribution from dissected many-body interactions by infinitesimal areas. To define dissection by a small area, respective n-body interactions are divided into two geometric centers, effectively reducing them to two-body interactions. Consistency with hydrodynamics-derived formulas for systems with two-body interactions [J. H. Irving and J. G. Kirkwood, J. Chem. Phys. 18, 817 (1950)], for average cross-sectional pressures [B. D. Todd, D. J. Evans, and P. J. Daivis, Phys. Rev. E 52, 1627 (1995)], and for volume averaged pressures (virial formula) is shown. As a simple numerical example, we discuss liquid propane in a cubic box. Local, cross-sectional, and volume-averaged pressures as well as relative contributions from two-body and three-body forces are analyzed with the proposed method, showing full numerical equivalence with the existing approaches. The method allows computing local pressures in the presence of many-body interactions in atomistic simulations of complex materials and biological systems.

Transformation of statistics in fractional quantum Hall systems

A Fermion to Boson transformation is accomplished by attaching to each Fermion a tube carrying a single quantum of flux oriented opposite to the applied magnetic field. When the mean field approximation is made in Haldane's spherical geometry, the Fermion angular momentum l F is replaced by l B =l F − 1 2 (N−1) . The set of allowed total angular momentum multiplets is identical in the two different pictures. The Fermion and Boson energy spectra in the presence of many body interactions are identical only if the pseudopotential V (interaction energy as a function of pair angular momentum L 12) increases as L 12( L 12+1). Similar bands of low energy states occur in the two spectra if V increases more quickly than this.

The Fermion–Boson transformation in fractional quantum Hall systems

A Fermion-to-Boson transformation is accomplished by attaching to each Fermion a single flux quantum oriented opposite to the applied magnetic field. When the mean field approximation is made in the Haldane spherical geometry, the Fermion angular momentum l F is replaced by l B =l F − 1 2 (N−1) . The set of allowed total angular momentum multiplets is identical in the two different pictures. The Fermion and Boson energy spectra in the presence of many-body interactions are identical if and only if the pseudopotential is “harmonic” in form. However, similar low-energy bands of states with Laughlin correlations occur in the two spectra if the interaction has short range. The transformation is used to clarify the relation between Boson and Fermion descriptions of the hierarchy of condensed fractional quantum Hall states.

The microscopic stress tensor field in particle systems with many-body interactions

It is argued that the up to now only existing expression for the microscopic stress tensor in the presence of many-body interactions, while being formally acceptable, displays some physical shortcomings. These unpleasant features are remedied by explicitly constructing and symmetrizing a new stress tensor field. With the help of this construction, some recent results on the appearance of extremely long-ranged correlations involving the stress tensor field in systems with spontaneously broken symmetries are generalized.